尿比重 Urine Specific Gravity
Urine Specific Gravity (SG): Indicator of Kidney Function and Fluid Balance
*Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of dissolved substances in urine, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine. Changes in SG provide insights into fluid balance and kidney health.
*Normal Range
Normal Value: 1.005-1.03
Higher values indicate concentrated urine; lower values suggest diluted urine.
*Causes of High Urine Specific Gravity (>1.030)
-Dehydration:
Caused by prolonged lack of water, intense exercise, or fever.
-Normal Kidney Function but Concentrated Urine:
--Elevated Urine Glucose: Seen in diabetes.
--Proteinuria: Found in nephrotic syndrome.
-Acute Kidney Disease:
Tubular dysfunction while retaining some concentrating ability.
*Causes of Low Urine Specific Gravity (<1.005)
-Excessive Fluid Intake:
Drinking too much water or overhydration through IV fluids.
-Kidney Dysfunction:
Chronic kidney disease or tubular dysfunction resulting in loss of concentrating ability.
-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Deficiency:
Conditions like diabetes insipidus, leading to diluted urine.
*How to Maintain Normal Urine Specific Gravity?
-Adequate Hydration:
Drink 2-3 liters of water daily, avoiding over- or underhydration.
-Manage Chronic Conditions:
Patients with diabetes or kidney disease should monitor SG and kidney function regularly.
-Maintain Fluid Balance:
Rehydrate appropriately during excessive sweating or fever and replenish electrolytes.
-Regular Checkups:
Individuals at risk for kidney disease, high blood sugar, or diabetes insipidus should routinely test SG and related kidney markers.
*Conclusion
Urine specific gravity reflects the kidney's ability to regulate fluid balance. Abnormal values may signal dehydration, overhydration, or kidney dysfunction. Healthy hydration habits and regular monitoring can help maintain normal SG levels. Persistent abnormalities require medical evaluation to identify underlying causes and guide treatment.
*Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of dissolved substances in urine, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine. Changes in SG provide insights into fluid balance and kidney health.
*Normal Range
Normal Value: 1.005-1.03
Higher values indicate concentrated urine; lower values suggest diluted urine.
*Causes of High Urine Specific Gravity (>1.030)
-Dehydration:
Caused by prolonged lack of water, intense exercise, or fever.
-Normal Kidney Function but Concentrated Urine:
--Elevated Urine Glucose: Seen in diabetes.
--Proteinuria: Found in nephrotic syndrome.
-Acute Kidney Disease:
Tubular dysfunction while retaining some concentrating ability.
*Causes of Low Urine Specific Gravity (<1.005)
-Excessive Fluid Intake:
Drinking too much water or overhydration through IV fluids.
-Kidney Dysfunction:
Chronic kidney disease or tubular dysfunction resulting in loss of concentrating ability.
-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Deficiency:
Conditions like diabetes insipidus, leading to diluted urine.
*How to Maintain Normal Urine Specific Gravity?
-Adequate Hydration:
Drink 2-3 liters of water daily, avoiding over- or underhydration.
-Manage Chronic Conditions:
Patients with diabetes or kidney disease should monitor SG and kidney function regularly.
-Maintain Fluid Balance:
Rehydrate appropriately during excessive sweating or fever and replenish electrolytes.
-Regular Checkups:
Individuals at risk for kidney disease, high blood sugar, or diabetes insipidus should routinely test SG and related kidney markers.
*Conclusion
Urine specific gravity reflects the kidney's ability to regulate fluid balance. Abnormal values may signal dehydration, overhydration, or kidney dysfunction. Healthy hydration habits and regular monitoring can help maintain normal SG levels. Persistent abnormalities require medical evaluation to identify underlying causes and guide treatment.