oluene Diisocyanate (TDI), Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI), and Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) Work
oluene Diisocyanate (TDI), Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI), and Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) Work
Health Hazards
Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)
Acute:
Inhalation:
1.1 Vapor concentrations exceeding 0.5 ppm irritate the respiratory tract, with symptoms including a burning sensation in the nose and throat, a choking sensation, runny nose, asthma, pharyngitis, coughing, rapid breathing, chest pain, and tightness.
1.2 High concentrations cause chemical bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and even death. Symptoms may not appear until hours later.
1.3 Euphoria, muscle incoordination, and unconsciousness may occur, along with headaches, inability to concentrate, memory loss, and confusion, which may last for up to 4 years.
Eyes:
2.1 Splashing causes tearing, severe irritation, and corneal clouding.
2.2 Exposure to high concentrations of vapor forms solid particles that irritate the eyes.
Skin: The liquid causes skin irritation.
Ingestion: Causes pain and corrosion of the mouth, throat, and stomach tissues.
Chronic:
Inhalation: Causes respiratory allergies, leading to asthma or allergic pneumonitis.
Skin: May cause skin sensitization.
Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI)
Acute:
Inhalation:
1.1 Irritates the respiratory tract and mucous membranes, with symptoms including eye and nasal irritation, dryness, sore throat, runny nose, shortness of breath, asthma, and pharyngitis. Nighttime coughing may accompany chest tightness and pain, with symptoms possibly lasting several hours.
1.2 High concentrations of vapor can cause chemical pneumonia, severe asthma-like bronchitis, severe coughing, pulmonary edema, and even death.
Skin Contact: Causes slight irritation, with skin turning white or hard.
Eye Contact: Causes mild irritation and tearing.
Ingestion:
4.1 Causes symptoms similar to inhalation.
4.2 Corrodes the mouth, throat, and digestive tract.
Chronic:
Causes allergic reactions, leading to asthma, chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, coughing, chills, headaches, and fatigue. Symptoms may persist even after exposure to MDI has ceased, with some people recovering fully and others continuing to experience respiratory issues for years.
Causes allergic contact dermatitis.
Exposure to 5-20 ppm damages the DNA of white blood cells.
Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI)
Acute:
Inhalation:
1.1 At concentrations of 0.64 mg/m³, fog causes slight throat irritation within 1-5 minutes; at 1.37 mg/m³, fog causes intolerable irritation.
1.2 Symptoms include chest tightness, shortness of breath, laryngitis, difficulty breathing, coughing, and nasal congestion.
1.3 Inhaling extremely high concentrations causes chemical bronchitis, asthma-like wheezing, pneumonia, and potentially fatal pulmonary edema.
1.4 Symptoms may not appear until hours after exposure.
Eyes: Liquid vapor and fog cause irritation.
Skin:
3.1 The liquid causes irritation and allergic reactions.
3.2 Can be absorbed through the skin.
Ingestion: May cause irritation and corrosion of the mouth, throat, and esophageal tissues.
Chronic:
Skin: IPDI is a strong skin sensitizer.
Unprotected contact with IPDI causes eczema.
Other symptoms include coughing, throat burning, and redness, swelling, and eczema around the eyes.
Suggestions:
Level 1 Management: No specific regulations.
Level 2-4 Management:
Consider health conditions unsuitable for this type of work, such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and asthma.
Health Hazards
Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)
Acute:
Inhalation:
1.1 Vapor concentrations exceeding 0.5 ppm irritate the respiratory tract, with symptoms including a burning sensation in the nose and throat, a choking sensation, runny nose, asthma, pharyngitis, coughing, rapid breathing, chest pain, and tightness.
1.2 High concentrations cause chemical bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and even death. Symptoms may not appear until hours later.
1.3 Euphoria, muscle incoordination, and unconsciousness may occur, along with headaches, inability to concentrate, memory loss, and confusion, which may last for up to 4 years.
Eyes:
2.1 Splashing causes tearing, severe irritation, and corneal clouding.
2.2 Exposure to high concentrations of vapor forms solid particles that irritate the eyes.
Skin: The liquid causes skin irritation.
Ingestion: Causes pain and corrosion of the mouth, throat, and stomach tissues.
Chronic:
Inhalation: Causes respiratory allergies, leading to asthma or allergic pneumonitis.
Skin: May cause skin sensitization.
Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI)
Acute:
Inhalation:
1.1 Irritates the respiratory tract and mucous membranes, with symptoms including eye and nasal irritation, dryness, sore throat, runny nose, shortness of breath, asthma, and pharyngitis. Nighttime coughing may accompany chest tightness and pain, with symptoms possibly lasting several hours.
1.2 High concentrations of vapor can cause chemical pneumonia, severe asthma-like bronchitis, severe coughing, pulmonary edema, and even death.
Skin Contact: Causes slight irritation, with skin turning white or hard.
Eye Contact: Causes mild irritation and tearing.
Ingestion:
4.1 Causes symptoms similar to inhalation.
4.2 Corrodes the mouth, throat, and digestive tract.
Chronic:
Causes allergic reactions, leading to asthma, chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, coughing, chills, headaches, and fatigue. Symptoms may persist even after exposure to MDI has ceased, with some people recovering fully and others continuing to experience respiratory issues for years.
Causes allergic contact dermatitis.
Exposure to 5-20 ppm damages the DNA of white blood cells.
Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI)
Acute:
Inhalation:
1.1 At concentrations of 0.64 mg/m³, fog causes slight throat irritation within 1-5 minutes; at 1.37 mg/m³, fog causes intolerable irritation.
1.2 Symptoms include chest tightness, shortness of breath, laryngitis, difficulty breathing, coughing, and nasal congestion.
1.3 Inhaling extremely high concentrations causes chemical bronchitis, asthma-like wheezing, pneumonia, and potentially fatal pulmonary edema.
1.4 Symptoms may not appear until hours after exposure.
Eyes: Liquid vapor and fog cause irritation.
Skin:
3.1 The liquid causes irritation and allergic reactions.
3.2 Can be absorbed through the skin.
Ingestion: May cause irritation and corrosion of the mouth, throat, and esophageal tissues.
Chronic:
Skin: IPDI is a strong skin sensitizer.
Unprotected contact with IPDI causes eczema.
Other symptoms include coughing, throat burning, and redness, swelling, and eczema around the eyes.
Suggestions:
Level 1 Management: No specific regulations.
Level 2-4 Management:
Consider health conditions unsuitable for this type of work, such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and asthma.