Liver parenchymal change

A disease of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma, resulting from an inflammatory, infiltrative, immunological, mechanical or metabolic injury, persisting for 6 months or more, without its complete reversibility to normal is known as chronic liver disease. Ultrasound is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic tool in the abdominal field.

Liver tumor

Ultrasound is often the first test used to look at the liver. It uses sound waves to create an image on a computer screen. This test can show tumors growing in the liver, which then can be tested for cancer, if needed.

Fatty liver

Fat accumulation is one of the most common abnormalities of the liver depicted on cross-sectional images. Common patterns include diffuse fat accumulation, diffuse fat accumulation with focal sparing, and focal fat accumulation in an otherwise normal liver.

Hepatic cyst

Hepatic cysts are generally found incidentally on imaging studies. They are usually asymptomatic but can sometimes be associated with serious complications. Larger cysts are more likely to result in symptoms from complications such as hemorrhage, rupture, infection, or compression of the biliary tree.

Polycystic liver disease

Polycystic liver disease is an inherited disorder estimated to affect around 1 in 100,000 people. It is characterized by the progressive growth of cysts of various sizes scattered throughout the liver. People affected by this condition tend to have more and larger cysts as they age. Many affected individuals do not have symptoms.

Hemangioma

Hemangiomas are ubiquitous vascular neoplasms that may be found in virtually every human organ. They are benign tumors. Although hemangiomas may occur anywhere within the abdomen, the liver is the most common site. Typically, hemangiomas have a pathognomonic imaging appearance.

Renal stone

Renal stone disease is common. Ultrasound is a safe, non-invasive and non-expensive technique able to evaluate patients with renal colic. The diagnosis of renal colic is based on the detection of stones and the consecutive obstruction of the excretory system.

Simple renal cyst

A simple kidney cyst is the most common type of renal cyst. It is a fluid-filled sac that originates from the surface of the kidney. One or more simple cysts may form within the same kidney.

Polycystic kidney disease

The kidneys are normal at birth, and with time develop multiple cysts. At the age of 30 years, approximately 68% of patients will have visible cysts by ultrasound. That figure increases over time, such that essentially all patients eventually demonstrate cystic change. By the age of 60 years, approximately 50% of patients have end stage renal failure. The risk of renal cancer is not increased.

Cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis is defined as an acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall, regardless of the cause. In the many of cases, the underlying etiology is the obstruction of the cystic duct due to an impacted stone in either the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct. Ultrasound is currently considered the preferred initial imaging technique for patients who are clinically suspected of having acute calculous cholecystitis.

Gallstone

Gallstones are hardened collections of bile materials that develop in the gallbladder. They can be as small as a grain of sand or as big as a ping pong ball. Most don't cause problems, but they can cause problems if they get loose and travel into the bile ducts. The condition of having gallstones is called cholelithiasis.

Gallbladder polyp

Gallbladder polyps are protuberances of the gallbladder wall projecting into the lumen. They are usually incidentally found during abdominal sonography or diagnosed on histopathology of a surgery specimen, with an estimated prevalence of up to 9.5% of patients. Gallbladder polyps are not mobile and do not demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing; they may be sessile or pedunculated.

Pancreas

The pancreas is a lobulated, thin, elongated organ that is divided into three parts: the right lobe, the left lobe, and the body. It is one of the most difficult structures to identify in the normal patient due to the similar echogenicity and echostructure of the pancreas and the adjacent mesentery and fat. Pancreatic ultrasound can be used to assess for pancreatic malignancy, pancreatitis and its complications, as well as for other pancreatic dieseases.

Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly is an important clinical finding that can have significant diagnostic implications. Its presence may be an important clue to malignancy, infections, or inflammatory conditions. Conversely, the absence of splenomegaly can also be an important finding and influence the diagnostic evaluation.