肺癌篩檢 Cyfra21-1
Cyfra 21-1(Cytokeratin 19 fragment): Tumor Marker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
*Cyfra 21-1 is a tumor marker found in the blood, primarily used to monitor and diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as to assess tumor activity and response to treatment. It is a fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) released during the breakdown of cancer cells, which can be detected in the blood of NSCLC patients.
*Normal Range
Normal range: < 3.3 ng/mL (The specific range may vary depending on the testing method)
*Causes of Elevated Cyfra 21-1 Levels
-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
Cyfra 21-1 is primarily used for detecting and monitoring NSCLC. Its levels usually rise significantly in the progression of the tumor. As cancer cells break down, CK19 fragments are released into the bloodstream, forming Cyfra 21-1. This marker is helpful in monitoring treatment efficacy and assessing the risk of cancer recurrence in NSCLC patients.
-Other Cancers:
Cyfra 21-1 can also be elevated in other cancers such as bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer. However, it is most strongly associated with NSCLC.
-Benign Diseases:
Elevated Cyfra 21-1 is not limited to cancer and may also occur in benign conditions such as chronic lung diseases, liver disease, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, Cyfra 21-1 is not a highly specific marker.
*Uses of Cyfra 21-1
-Screening and Diagnosis of NSCLC:
While Cyfra 21-1 can aid in screening for NSCLC, it is not definitive for diagnosis. It should be used alongside imaging techniques such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and pathological tests. Elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1, particularly in lung cancer patients, may suggest the presence of cancer.
-Monitoring Treatment Efficacy:
Cyfra 21-1 is commonly used to assess the response to lung cancer treatment. If treatment is effective, Cyfra 21-1 levels typically decrease. If levels rise, it may indicate a lack of response to treatment or disease progression.
-Detection of Cancer Recurrence:
After treatment, regular Cyfra 21-1 testing helps in the early detection of cancer recurrence. An increase in Cyfra 21-1 levels after treatment may indicate the return of cancer.
-Prognostic Assessment:
In some cases, the level of Cyfra 21-1 is associated with the severity and prognosis of the cancer. High levels of Cyfra 21-1 are often linked to higher tumor burden, faster progression, and poorer prognosis.
*Health Recommendations
-Further Testing:
If Cyfra 21-1 levels are elevated, further diagnostic tests, including chest CT, X-ray, and biopsy, should be performed to confirm or exclude cancer.
-Monitoring and Management:
For patients already diagnosed with lung cancer, regular monitoring of Cyfra 21-1 is important to assess treatment response, evaluate the risk of recurrence, and adjust treatment plans as needed.
*Conclusion
Cyfra 21-1 is an important tumor marker for diagnosing, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and assessing prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. While it has high sensitivity for lung cancer, it should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool. Cyfra 21-1 should always be used in conjunction with imaging and pathological tests for a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's condition.
*Cyfra 21-1 is a tumor marker found in the blood, primarily used to monitor and diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as to assess tumor activity and response to treatment. It is a fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) released during the breakdown of cancer cells, which can be detected in the blood of NSCLC patients.
*Normal Range
Normal range: < 3.3 ng/mL (The specific range may vary depending on the testing method)
*Causes of Elevated Cyfra 21-1 Levels
-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
Cyfra 21-1 is primarily used for detecting and monitoring NSCLC. Its levels usually rise significantly in the progression of the tumor. As cancer cells break down, CK19 fragments are released into the bloodstream, forming Cyfra 21-1. This marker is helpful in monitoring treatment efficacy and assessing the risk of cancer recurrence in NSCLC patients.
-Other Cancers:
Cyfra 21-1 can also be elevated in other cancers such as bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer. However, it is most strongly associated with NSCLC.
-Benign Diseases:
Elevated Cyfra 21-1 is not limited to cancer and may also occur in benign conditions such as chronic lung diseases, liver disease, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, Cyfra 21-1 is not a highly specific marker.
*Uses of Cyfra 21-1
-Screening and Diagnosis of NSCLC:
While Cyfra 21-1 can aid in screening for NSCLC, it is not definitive for diagnosis. It should be used alongside imaging techniques such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and pathological tests. Elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1, particularly in lung cancer patients, may suggest the presence of cancer.
-Monitoring Treatment Efficacy:
Cyfra 21-1 is commonly used to assess the response to lung cancer treatment. If treatment is effective, Cyfra 21-1 levels typically decrease. If levels rise, it may indicate a lack of response to treatment or disease progression.
-Detection of Cancer Recurrence:
After treatment, regular Cyfra 21-1 testing helps in the early detection of cancer recurrence. An increase in Cyfra 21-1 levels after treatment may indicate the return of cancer.
-Prognostic Assessment:
In some cases, the level of Cyfra 21-1 is associated with the severity and prognosis of the cancer. High levels of Cyfra 21-1 are often linked to higher tumor burden, faster progression, and poorer prognosis.
*Health Recommendations
-Further Testing:
If Cyfra 21-1 levels are elevated, further diagnostic tests, including chest CT, X-ray, and biopsy, should be performed to confirm or exclude cancer.
-Monitoring and Management:
For patients already diagnosed with lung cancer, regular monitoring of Cyfra 21-1 is important to assess treatment response, evaluate the risk of recurrence, and adjust treatment plans as needed.
*Conclusion
Cyfra 21-1 is an important tumor marker for diagnosing, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and assessing prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. While it has high sensitivity for lung cancer, it should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool. Cyfra 21-1 should always be used in conjunction with imaging and pathological tests for a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's condition.